ABSTRACT
Recently the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has affected the public throughout the world and has become a severe risk to human being. COVID-19 is a growing communicable disease and has caused major mortality and morbidity beside socioeconomic damage. No successful treatment has been accepted for this type of pandemic disease. In this situation nanotechnology has been very much helpful in preclinical studies for different types of pathogens of diseases like respiratory viruses, herpes virus, human papillomavirus, and HIV. Therefore nanoparticles have been of interest for the management of COVID-19 disease due to their small and distinctive properties, like simple preparation, low cost, easy modification, and appropriate size. For COVID-19 disease, nanotechnology-based management comprises the development of tools for exact, speedy, and responsive diagnosis, the manufacture of efficient disinfectants, and the delivery of vaccines and antiviral drugs into the human body. In this review the main object is to recommend some approaches to design and produce successful diagnostic and beneficial drugs against COVID-19 with the help of nanotechnology. This review mainly focuses on COVID-19 prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Molecular nanotechnology is a provisional field of nanotechnology investigating the opportunity of industrial molecular assembly machinery that can rearrange substances at a molecular or atomic level. Nanomedicine is the application of these nanorobots, introduced into the body, to identify viruses. Molecular nanotechnology is extremely hypothetical, anticipating what innovations nanotechnology may yield and the programs offered for the investigation of COVID-19. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To review transformation in the Govt. Policy and regulation accelerating product licensing for supporting timely Covid-19 vaccines in India. Method(s): Govt. policy for approval of vaccines and amendments of Drug regulations were studied during 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2021 were studied referring websites of Dept. of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India and website of CDSCO and analyzed. Result(s): Change in Government policies and amendment of Drug Rules in India have given opportunities for improving access to medicines and vaccines. The newly introduced New Drugs and Clinical Trial Rules have provisions to market drugs and vaccines without local clinical trials if, the new drug is approved and marketed in countries specified by the Central Licencing Authority (CLA) subject to some conditions. Thereafter CDSCO has published a guideline in this matter and the process of approving new vaccines becomes easier. This guidelines stated that no local clinical trials are required if a vaccine for Covid-19 already approved by USFDA, MHRA, PDMA Japan and listed by WHO for emergency use for Covid-19. These two steps helps quick approval for emergency use of vaccines already approved by CDSCO approved countries. Using these provisions Covid -19 vaccines developed by Moderna in US already got approval for import by an Indian company and hope that some more vaccines will be available in India in future using these provisions. Indian legislation allowed to conduct different phases of Clinical trials simultaneously resulting development of cost effective Covid-19 vaccines in shorter time. Conclusion(s): These proactive regulatory steps helped Indian manufacturers to develop Covid-19 vaccines in a record time and made it available in global market. These provisions also facilitated Covid -19 vaccines developed and marketed in developed market available in India. Copyright © 2022